Labour Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Labour Laws - Essay Example This is certainly the case with Key Lime Printing. There is a feeling on the part of the workers that they are at best getting a very bad deal from a company that has already been in business for a relatively long time and should be able to do better. As a lawyer, there are a few issues that I shall seek to reinforce. I shall seek to inform the client, Joe Blow, that there is little legal recourse once the matter gets to this point. After all, the Notice of Certification from the labor relations board has already been received. There are three main issues that seem to underline the employees’ decision to unionize. First of all, there is the issue of pay. Pay disputes are always a minimum expectancy when it comes to labor relations. This is where most of the labor unrest that we witness centers around. The next issue lies with dismissal of employees. Fair or unfair dismissal is a contentious issue that cannot be resolved anytime soon. On the part of the dismissed employee, thei r default position is that the dismissal is always unfair (Cihon & Castagnera, 2010). Finally, there is the whole issue of unionization. I shall seek to show my client his rights and responsibilities as far as unionization of employees is concerned. The first issue deals with income. I shall handle this issue in two parts. The first part shall be with relation to the right amount that each employee should receive. This is an extremely complicated issue. If each one of us were given the option to suggest how much we want to be paid, then we might suggest amounts that are impractical for the profitable conduct of business. We cannot leave this weighty decision to the employers alone either. There is a need for both the employer and the employee to sit down and discuss each of their positions as far as remuneration is concerned. My client does not seem to have done this. Therefore, first step during the anticipated meeting shall be to hear each side’s position in as far as salar ies are concerned (Pay and Wages, 2013). The second angle in as far as salaries are concerned is the nature of employment. There is the need to find the right balance between benefits, commissions and salaries. The idea of only paying a commission to the three workers without either salaries or benefits is a very emotive one. Initially, it was thought that being paid on commission motivated the workers to apply themselves fully so that in a way they can ‘determine their own salaries’. This is not the case anymore. Finding business is not guaranteed, yet at the end of the month these employees have bills to pay and other responsibilities to fulfill. This needs to be looked at considering that the leading light in this revolt is an employee who is subject to this draconian employment terms (Pay and Wages, 2013). Dismissal is another issue that needs to be addressed. Arguably, perhaps it is the place where the bitterest battles with regard to employee rights are witnessed. There should be a firm basis for any dismissal that is effected in the workplace. After all, this is a place where people from different backgrounds coalesce to satisfy their needs for employment. Additionally, in such a place one cannot dismiss the effect of culture and background on general conduct and productivity in the workplace. Therefore, dismissal must be looked at with this backdrop in mind. There seems to have been instances where the foreman, Top, dismissed employees. He has no right to do this. This is un-procedural. There needs to be a properly laid procedure through which dismissals are carried out. Only the owner, Blow, should have the power to mete out such punishment. In most cases, dismissal should be the last resort (Arthurs & Carter,

Parity theories analyse and operation in the global economy Essay

Parity theories analyse and operation in the global economy - Essay Example Another theory that advances a notion of equalization or parity is the Heckscher-Ohlin theory. The Hecksher-Ohlin theory is composed of two theorems. The first theorem explains and predicts comparative advantage. Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage assumes but do not explain comparative advantage. The Heckscher-Ohlin Theory’s, particularly the first theorem of the theory, explains comparative advantage to be rooted the in relative factor abundance between nations. The second theorem of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory holds that when there are no restrictions to trade, there will be relative as well as absolute factor price equalisation. Factors of production are land, labour, and capital. The Heckscher-Ohlin asserts, however, that the theory is applicable for labour and capital. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory asserts that with trade liberalisation, mobility of goods can substitute for the mobility of factors and, because of this, relative and absolute factor price equalisa tion will be realized. ... that interest rates will move to parity as interest rates reflect the price of capital which is one of the factors of production and, based on Heckscher-Ohlin theory, mobility of goods substitutes for the mobility of factors and, thus, interest rates also move to parity. II. A main argument against parity theories: markets do not clear There are at least two major areas of the debate on the parity theories. One area of debates is whether markets really move towards equilibrium. Another area of the debate is on the empirical validity of the parity theories: the theories may appear logical but the predictions of the theories and/or their assumptions are not in accord with the situation in the real world. In other words, there are arguments that the theories may be logically constructed but they may not be empirically valid. We discuss empirical validity in the succeeding section and discuss in this section why some economists and critics do not believe why markets do not move towards e quilibrium. The perspective or assertion that markets clear is the more conventional and standard assumption in economics. This view is called the classical view (the more modern variants of this view are the neo-classical and new classical perspectives in economics). The classical view is the theory or perspective that is one of the most important building blocks in many theories of economics. However, another perspective that is also conventional but which has a less following in economics today is the Keynesian perspective.1 One variant of the Keynesian perspective asserts that markets do not clear because there are several obstacles to market clearing. It is a perspective that has a significant following and influence among economists. According to this variant of the Keynesian

Primary Pulmonary Hypertension :: essays research papers fc

Primary Pulmonary Hypertension INTRODUCTION A.Each year in the US there are about 300 new cases of PPH diagnosed each year. B.My purpose today is to inform you on the disease PPH C.This topic concerns you because it is a deadly disease that is on the rise. D.Today I will discuss.... 1.What the disease is 2.Causes of PPH 3.Symptoms of PPH 4.Diagnosis 5.Course and Treatment PPH-What is it? Primary(unexplained) pulmonary hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure) is an extremely rare lung disorder. Pulmonary hypertension occurs when there are changes in small blood vessels in the lungs resulting in an increased resistance to move enough blood through the lungs. The resistance places a strain on the right ventricle which must work harder to pump enough blood. If untreated,or if the conditions are generally bad enough,the right side of the heart may fail resulting in death. PPH-What are the causes? There is no definite cause of PPH,but there are possibilities. 1.PPH may be the result of another infection such as heart disease,lung disease,or HIV. 2.PPH may be genetic. A specific chromosome which runs in families is linked to PPH although the type of defect is yet unknown. 3.Familial Inheritance 4.Diet Drugs-By far this is the most known cause. Fen-Phen and Dexfenfluramine,2 diet drugs have been studied and are linked to numbers of cases of pph. These drugs can cause PPH in as little as 23 days the risk increases with the amount of time it is used. 5.Serotonin-Although this is not proved,it is believed that the above diet drugs increase the release of serotonin which is often found in patients transplanted lungs with PPH. It is very possible that this is a cause What are the symptoms of PPH? In the early stages of PPh there are no symptoms. Usually a person will go to the doctor for another disease and will find that it can’t be cured. After numerous tests,PPH is found to be the primary cause. 1.frequent tiredness or tiring easily as if you are out of shape. 2.Difficulty breathing,dizziness,fainting 3.Swelling in ankles/legs,bluish lips and skin 4.chest pain 5.trouble getting air 6.Palpitations-may be so severe that it is compared to a heart attack. How is PPH diagnosed? 1.Electrocardiogram-indicates whether heart is under increased stress 2.PPH is rarely picked up in a routine medical exam. It is usually confused with other heart/lung diseases. 3.Echocardiogram-The doctor uses sound waves to map a structure of the heart and see if the right side is larger. 4.Pulmonary Function Tests-measures lung volume. 5.Right-heart Cardiac Catheterization-A catheter(tube)is placed in the patient’s arm,let,neck...to measure the blood pressure of the right side of the heart. what is the course and Treatment of PPH? PPH starts when a layer of cells in the lungs are damaged.

Fin 515 Week 4 Homework Assignment

FIN 515 WEEK 4 HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT (7–2) Constant Growth Valuation Boehm Incorporated is expected to pay a $1. 50 per share dividend at the end of this year (i. e. , D1 = $1. 50). The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 7% a year. The required rate of return on the stock, rs, is 15%. What is the value per share of Boehm’s stock? For this problem we can use the formula from the book P=d1(R-G) to find the price. We just need to plug in the values†¦ so, 1. 5/(8% [15-7]). The value is 18. 75. (7–4) Preferred Stock ValuationNick’s Enchiladas Incorporated has preferred stock outstanding that pays a dividend of $5 at the end of each year. The preferred sells for $50 a share. What is the stock’s required rate of return? From the book we discover that we simply need to plug into the formula, r=5/50. The required rate of return should be 10 percent. (7–5) Nonconstant Growth Valuation A company currently pays a dividend of $2 per sha re (D0 = $2). It is estimated that the company’s dividend will grow at a rate of 20% per year for the next 2 years, then at a constant rate of 7% thereafter. The company’s stock has a beta of 1. , the risk-free rate is 7. 5%, and the market risk premium is 4%. What is your estimate of the stock’s current price? I used the financial calculator online for this problem, but we can find it manually†¦ To solve this problem we need to first calculate the required rate of return, which is Rs=Rf+B(Rrm-Rrf), so 7. 5+(11. 5-7. 5)*1. 2=12. 3†¦ So, D0 would be 2, D1 would be 2. 4, D2 would be 2. 88, and D3 would be 3. 08. We then have to calculate the PV for the dividends, which is 4. 42. We have to calculate P2, which came out to 46. 10. After adding up the PV values we get the stock’s price which is 50. 0, or at least that’s what I got†¦ (9-1) After-Tax Cost of Debt Calculate the after-tax cost of debt under each of the following conditions: à ¢â‚¬ ¢a. Interest rate of 13%, tax rate of 0% To calculate, take 0. 13*(1-0), we get 13 percent. †¢b. Interest rate of 13%, tax rate of 20% To calculate, take 0. 13*(1-0. 20), we get 10. 4 percent. †¢c. Interest rate of 13%, tax rate of 35% To calculate, take 0. 13*(1-0. 35), we get 8. 45 percent. (9-4) Cost of Preferred Stock with Flotation Costs Burnwood Tech plans to issue some $60 par preferred stock with a 6% dividend. A similar stock is selling on the market for $70.Burnwood must pay flotation costs of 5% of the issue price. What is the cost of the preferred stock? We’re given the par value, the divident percentage, the market value of the stock, and the flotation costs, and are looking for the cost. The ADP of the preferred stock is 6 percent*60, which comes out to 3. 60. The cost of Preferred Stock can be calculated as (Preferred stock dividend/MP of Preferred Stock*(1-FC)†¦ We just need to plug in the numbers, so you get basically (60*. 06)/70*(1-0. 05 )†¦ calculating that out, the cost of preferred stock should be 5. 1 percent. (9-5) Cost of Equity: DCF Summerdahl Resort’s common stock is currently trading at $36 a share. The stock is expected to pay a dividend of $3. 00 a share at the end of the year (D1 = $3. 00), and the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% a year. What is its cost of common equity? For this problem, we are to use the equation r=(D1/P0)+g†¦ Since we are given the P0, D1, and G (36,3,0. 05) we are looking for r†¦ so, just plug-and-chug. Comes out to 13. 3 percent. (9-6) Cost of Equity: CAPM Booher Book Stores has a beta of 0. 8.The yield on a 3-month T-bill is 4% and the yield on a 10-year T-bond is 6%. The market risk premium is 5. 5%, and the return on an average stock in the market last year was 15%. What is the estimated cost of common equity using the CAPM? For this one, looked to me like we need to use the formula Rs=Rrf+Bi(RPm)†¦ Like the last problem, we are g iven all the values except one. Plugging-and-chugging again, I got 0. 06+0. 8*(0. 055), came out to 10. 4 percent. (9-7) WACC Shi Importer’s balance sheet shows $300 million in debt, $50 million in preferred stock, and $250 million in total common equity.Shi’s tax rate is 40%, rd = 6%, rps = 5. 8%, and rs = 12%. If Shi has a target capital structure of 30% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 65% common stock, what is its WACC? So, for this problem we need to find the WACC which can be found by the formula (Wd)*(Rd)*(1-T)+(Wps)*(Rps)+(Wce)(Rs)†¦ We are again given most of the values, so it’s plug-and-chug from here on, pretty much. Debt is 0. 30, PS is 0. 05, Equity is 0. 65, Rd is 0. 06, T is 0. 40, Rps is 0. 058, and Rs is 0. 12†¦ So when plugged it looks like: (0. 30*0. 06*(1-0. 40))+0. 05*0. 058+0. 65*0. 12, and that came out to 9. 17 percent.

Unethical Leaders Scandal Involving Jeff Skilling of Enron Corporation Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Current issues/culture/ environment at the time of the situation The environmental situation that led to creation of Enron was a merger between Internorth and Houston Natural Gas Co. Enron was born in a highly competitive market. The energy economy was under regulation and the market economic situation exhibited a recession. Later on, the market was deregulated through policies put in place by â€Å"Federal Energy Regulatory Commission† (FERC). The deregulation was put in place to remove regulatory limitations and to prevent another harsh economic condition from happening. The federal Government were trying to avoid a repeat of energy emergency. Enron became a chief supplier of energy products in the US and stabilized economically. Through its highly innovated activities and with the help of highly skilled leadership team, it was able to deeply penetrate the market and stand firm against stiff competition (Mekay, 2003). Being a chief player in the economy of the US, Enron used its resources to exercise influence on the US Politics. For exa mple, a board member at Enron Kenneth Lay became a close ally of George W. We will write a custom essay sample on Unethical Leaders: Scandal Involving Jeff Skilling of Enron Corporation or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Bush, during his career in politics when he was Texas Governor. Lay promised a financial support to Bush in exchange for positions that would be occupied by Enron executives in the Federal Government (Mekay, 2003). Lay had powers to make decisions of National importance like energy issues policies and other issues. Enron’s relationship with politicians involved the republican but democrats also. It funded many of Bill Clinton’s activities. These relationships gave Enron many powers to influence a number of US policies through lobbying. Enron was using its money and resources such as powerful connections to instigate distortion of Government policies. It also used its influential power to deceive consumers (Gutman, 2002). Perceived motivation of the individual Several factors motivated Skilling to partake in the Scandal including the pursuance of individual interest based on lack of integrity. According to Northouse (2004), integrity is an important trait in a leader. It involves honesty, reliability and accountability. It transpires that these qualities were lacking in most of the leaders at Enron. Eventually, this motivated Skilling to pursue individual and corporate interest. A fault in the organization culture facilitated the scandal. This was attributable to Skilling’s failures because he was fixated on profit maximization. He failed to understand and support standard practices that would boost organizational organizational culture.

The acceptance of homosexuality in China and its future - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 985 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Homosexuality Essay Did you like this example? 21 years ago, in 1997, the Chinese government abolished the hooligan law, which in transferred meaning was decriminalization of homosexuality or same-sex love, in Chinese , in Peoples Republic of China. Just a few years later after the first step in modern progression, the Chinese Society of Psychiatry in 2001 declassified homosexuality as a mental health issue. Even though, homosexuality is not treated as a mental disorder and is not anymore punished by law. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The acceptance of homosexuality in China and its future" essay for you Create order LGBT community does not have the same rights equal to the heterosexuals. Moreover, same-sex couples cannot get insurance, health care, pension, own a home or adopt a child. According to Peking University Sociology Department who held the largest survey yet in 2016, fewer than 15% of homosexuals said they had come out to their families and more than a 50% said that after the coming out to their families, they found themselves to be discriminated as a result. Moreover, we need to bear in mind that China is still being led by a communist party. Even nowadays, in some more rural part of China people believe that homosexuality can be cured and that it is just some act of trendiness. To better understand why is being gay, in Chinese , still an issue in China we have to briefly get over the Chinese history. Documentation of homosexuality in China reaches up to the ancient history. According to Hinsch (1990) study, homosexuality was regarded as a normal condition even before the arrival of influence from the western countries. It is also said that several Chinese emperors had homosexual companions along the heterosexual relationships; there are three tales to be found. If we have a closer look to one of these, there is no wonder that the original designation for homosexuals was   in Chinese or the passion of the cut sleeve in English. The name comes from the story of the Chinese Emperor Ai of Han (27 BC15 August 1 BC), who was once resting with his male-lover. Nevertheless, when he woke up, he found his sleeve under the head of his sleeping lover. As he did not want to awake him, he cut his sleeve off the robe instead. Later on, in 1949 with the emergence of the Communist party in China, homosexual sex was forbidden and criminalized, not as a homosexual intercourse but as a hooligans o ffence. Something like the term homosexuality was simply erased from the peoples minds. The word ignorance could stand as a perfect description of the acceptance of homosexuality in todays China. The ignorance could be considered to be the main issue nowadays or within the elder generation, to equalize the homosexual rights or at least accept gay people within the wider spectrum of people. Another huge determinant, which influences the equalization, is the traditional way of living and worshipping the family. Traditions have the biggest impact on people in a closet. Almost every action of a person is done within the expectations of their parents, families and friends not to harm the reputation within their community. It is no secret that traditional Chinese family is defined by a marriage, which is still described as a union (bond) between a man and a woman. There is one Chinese proverb said by Mencius or Meng Ke, who was Chinese philosopher and sage (4th century BC), which says There are three (many) ways to be unfilial, having no sons is the worst (the worst is not to produce an offspring). Translated from the original. The act of filial piety [1] could be described in many ways, although the most accurate would be that most dishonest to your parents is not to ensure a male heir. By a research from Qingdao University in China from 2012, around 90% of 20 million homosexual men are getting married to a woman just to satisfy their families. LGBT community in China are increasingly getting married in the sham marriage while at the same time are da ting same-sex partner. Ai Qiang, an activist who leads Chinas PFLAG [2] group says: By pretending to be straight and enjoying the social benefits, they are abandoning other LGBT people to face the pressure alone. Ai Qiang also argues that homophobia across the China is caused by the ignorance and the public not knowing any openly gay people in their environment. Living in personal bubbles is not just a problem in China; it is a huge problem all around the planet, it creates disillusions and the user of the data, is surrounded just by the facts with which he/she agrees. Despite the considerable progress, the big uproar came from the society in April 2018, when Sina Weibo[3] targeted and banned the homosexual content out of its site under the same circumstances as content violent or pornographic. The ban was shortly after cancelled due to move of users who shared almost half a million posts using hashtag #IAmGay or in Chinese   as a part of an online protest. Overall, it seems that China is struggling in progressing, because of its diversity. It is a huge country with a lot of diverse customs, traditions and a big spectrum of people. It means that even though, the major cities as Beijing or Shanghai could be mentally prepared to progress in some cases, more rural areas still do not have any knowledge about the LGBT community and are scared f ighting against them with the knowledge, about spreadable diseases, which was presented to them in older days. We must admit that the acceptance of the homosexuals depends on one and each acceptance, knowledge and empathy. Even these days may be for some hard to come out but as the young educated people have clearer minds and see the problems, the movement is getting some progress and the spirit of traditional China is slowly changing. The overall equalization of the LGBT rights in China will not happen in a few months or years, but with its better understanding against those in a LGBT community the country will keep on moving forward.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1588 Words

Fitzgerald saw the 1920s as a time of declining social and moral values which caused the American Dream to be corrupted by greed as well as materialism. The decline of the American Dream was a main theme highlighted throughout The Great Gatsby where Fitzgerald managed to successfully show the brittleness and superficiality the society aspired to live in. However, the passage alone is not enough to be considered as the key to the entire novel, only along with other passages are we able to see what Fitzgerald is trying to convey to his audience in regards to the American Dream. This essay discusses how other passages are also key to the novel and their relevance to Fitzgerald’s idea of the American Dream. The passages convey the manner in†¦show more content†¦In addition, although the American Dream was something which seemed distant for normal people to achieve, instead of being phased by it, people in society were in fact more motivated to work hard to achieve it. At the same time, green is commonly associated with the idea of envy. Faithful followers of the American Dream are often spurred by the envy they had towards what others had therefore they are willing to work hard in hopes of reaching the same level as well. While the American Dream brings about hope for them, Fitzgerald felt that members of the society were constantly in search of their dreams which in reality were very difficult to achieve and even appeared to be unattainable due to how â€Å"minute and far away† (pg. 25) they were. The stretch over the huge distance further emphasized on people’s astonishing ability to dream. In addition, due to the elaborate lifestyles present in the society during the 1920s, many people’s moralities became corrupted. On this point, the American Dream became something out of hand due to the lack of control in morality, people became willing to do anything just to achieve their dream just like how Gatsby succumbed to illegal met hods of acquiring his wealth. Therefore, Fitzgerald wanted to critique the way people tried to achieve their dreams. The American Dream has turned into a materialistic dream. The original idea and impression of the American Dream has evolved into one of materialism due to the decaying social